Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

It is a type of depression that occurs at specific times of the year, usually during autumn and winter when daylight hours decrease. It affects millions of people worldwide, impacting mood, energy levels, and overall well-being. Causes of SAD

SAD is linked to reduced sunlight exposure, which can disrupt the body’s internal clock (circadian rhythm) and lead to hormonal imbalances.

• Lack of sunlight: Reduced sunlight affects serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter that influences mood.

• Disrupted melatonin levels: Darkness increases melatonin production, which can cause excessive sleepiness and fatigue.

• Circadian rhythm disruption: Shorter days can interfere with the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, leading to feelings of depression.

 

Symptoms of SAD

SAD symptoms are similar to major depression but occur seasonally. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent sadness or low mood

• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed

• Fatigue and low energy

• Difficulty concentrating

• Increased sleep and appetite, often with cravings for carbohydrates

• Social withdrawal

• Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness

 

Treatment Options

Effective treatment options for SAD include:

• Light Therapy: Exposure to bright light using a special lamp can help regulate mood and improve energy levels.

• Counselling that can help to develop coping strategies and reframe negative thought patterns.

• Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, outdoor exposure to natural light, and maintaining a structured routine can help reduce symptoms.

 

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a serious condition that can significantly impact quality of life. Addressing the symptoms and seeking support can help manage its effects.